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Theodor Herzl (, ''Theodor Hertzel''; (ハンガリー語:Herzl Tivadar); May 2, 1860 – July 3, 1904), born Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl (, also known in Hebrew as , ''Khozeh HaMedinah'', lit. "Visionary of the State") was an Austro-Hungarian journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer. He was one of the fathers of modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the World Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish migration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state (Israel). ==Early life== He was born in Pest, the eastern, mostly flat part of Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary), to a secular Jewish family. His father's family were originally from Zimony (today Zemun, Serbia).〔Theodor's father and grandfather were born in Zemun. See 〕 He was the second child of Jeanette and Jakob Herzl, who were German-speaking, assimilated Jews. Jakob Herzl (1836–1902), Herzl's father, was a highly successful businessman. Herzl had one sister, Pauline, a year older than he was, who died suddenly on February 7, 1878, of typhus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Theodor Herzl – Background )〕 Theodor lived with his family in a house next to the Dohány Street Synagogue (formerly known as Tabakgasse Synagogue) located in Belváros, the inner city of the historical old town of Pest, in the eastern section of Budapest. As a youth, Herzl aspired to follow in the footsteps of Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the Suez Canal, but did not succeed in the sciences and instead developed a growing enthusiasm for poetry and the humanities. This passion later developed into a successful career in journalism and a less-celebrated pursuit of playwrighting.〔Elon, Amos (1975). ''Herzl'', p.21-22, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-013126-4.〕 According to Amos Elon,〔Elon, Amos (1975). ''Herzl'', p. 23, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-013126-4.〕 Herzl considered himself to be an atheist. In 1878, after the death of his sister, Pauline, the family moved to Vienna, Austria-Hungary. At the University of Vienna, Herzl studied law. As a young law student, Herzl became a member of the German nationalist ''Burschenschaft'' (fraternity) Albia, which had the motto ''Ehre, Freiheit, Vaterland'' ("Honor, Freedom, Fatherland"). He later resigned in protest at the organisation's antisemitism.〔Herzl Museum: Herzl – A Man of His Times, http://www.herzl.org/english/Article.aspx?Item=515&Section=491〕 After a brief legal career in the University of Vienna and Salzburg,〔 〕 he devoted himself to journalism and literature, working as a journalist for a Viennese newspaper and a correspondent for ''Neue Freie Presse'', in Paris, occasionally making special trips to London and Istanbul. He later became literary editor of ''Neue Freie Presse'', and wrote several comedies and dramas for the Viennese stage. His early work did not focus on Jewish life. It was of the feuilleton order, descriptive rather than political.〔M. Reich-Ranicki, ''Mein Leben'', (München 2001, DTV GmbH & C0. - ISBN 3-423-12830-5), p.64.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theodor Herzl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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